Biblioteca

De Tides Wiki, la enciclopedia libre.

Textos de Roberto "morsa" Bustamante

• Affiliative Objects. Lucy Suchman. 2005. En: Organization. Volume 12(3): 379–399.

Resumen: Through the case of a particular organization devoted to technological research and development, this paper investigates how values of the ‘new’ operate in what Appadurai (1986) has characterized as the social life of objects.

• Samuel A. Chambers. Democracy and (the) Public(s): Spatializing Politics in the Internet Age. Political Theory 2005; 33; 125.

Resumen: Political theorists have had far too little to say about the impact of the internet on the theory and practice of democracy. Society, culture, and economy have clearly all been reshaped by the unprecedented growth of the internet over the last decade, and many of us have a strong sense that politics, too, can now be added to that list.

• Deborah L. Wheeler. The Internet and Public Culture in Kuwait. International Communication Gazette 2001; 63; 187

Este artículo considera el desarollo e impacto del internet en Kuwait. El texto hace un análisis de contenidos de los diarios de Kuwait para ilustrar la emergencia de una conciencia pública en Internet. Usa información de encuestas para describir la relación entre la comunidad de internet y la población de Kuwait. Finalmente, examina el impacto emergente del uso de internet en Kuwait.

• Global Cities in Informational Societies. Barbara Freitag.

Resumen: If the assumption is correct that cities are the real stage (Schauplatz) of contemporary society, as stated by Simmel, they must reflect the changes from industrial to informational societies which took place in the passage from the 20th to the 21st century.

• Towards a Sociology of Information Technology. Saskia Sassen. Current Sociology 2002; 50; 365

I would add a tendency to understand or conceptualize these technologies in terms of technical properties and to construct the relation to the sociological world as one of applications and impacts.

• Convergencia para el desarrollo: radiodifusión comunitaria. Como estrategia para la inclusión digital. carlos Rivadeneyra. 2007. APC

¿Qué pudieron hacer juntos un grupo de especialistas en radios comunitarias y un experto en internet y otras «nuevas tecnologías»? Una de ellas fue animarse a debatir, analizar y construir juntos una alianza para pensar cómo utilizar la radiodifusión como estrategia de inclusión digital. Exponemos a continuación los primeros aportes para responder este interrogante. A tal fin se analizaron las barreras y limitaciones impuestas a la radiodifusión y otras TIC, tratando de articular los objetivos y las acciones, pero también la terminología y los conceptos, frente a los desafíos presentes que van solapando las barreras entre unas y otras tecnologías, y ante la necesidad de resolver los problemas de la gente, en especial en zonas rurales y urbano-marginales.

• Secreto a voces. Radio, NTICs e interactividad (versión PDF, libro y fotocopia). Bruce Girard, editor. 2004. FAO

A veces es despreciada como el familiar pobre de la televisión y definitivamente se considera anticuada comparada con Internet; sin embargo la radio hoy se ha convertido en algo que hay que tener en la mira, un secreto a voces. Esto suena tal vez como un chiste malo, pero en nuestras discusiones aquí esta semana hemos comprobado que el potencial de la radio aumenta más que nunca. Todavía es el medio de comunicación más portátil, el de mayor difusión y el más económico, y hoy la radio misma confirma que es lo suficientemente versátil para ir mano a mano con la red. Este libro surgió de ese taller. Se enfoca en el uso de Internet por las radioemisoras en su esfuerzo de apoyar iniciativas para el desarrollo democrático y sostenible. Incluye también visiones y experiencias de diferentes partes del planeta.

• The Diffusion of the Internet and Rural Development. Zhao Jinqiu, Hao Xiaoming and Indrajit Banerjee. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies. 2006.

This study explores the applicability of the diffusion of innovations theory to internet development in rural China by examining internet diffusion and usage patterns in two rural areas of China’s Gansu Province. Its ethnographic research design allowed the researchers to interact with the rural people under study and obtain first-hand data on their adoption and usage of the internet. The results show that in the context of rural China, where the local economy and infrastructure can hardly sustain such an advanced technology as the internet, the diffusion and usage of the internet are determined not much by the will of individuals, but by the change agency. As the weakest social class in terms of their share and control of social resources, Chinese farmers as individuals do not play an important role in the adoption of the internet, which tends to be the result of organizational initiatives.

• Information technology and rural development. Caspian Richards. Progress in Development Studies 2004; 4; 230

This paper outlines how the widespread belief that we are experiencing an ‘information technology revolution’ has aroused concerns about unequal access to its perceived benefits. These concerns are explored both through general perspectives on the information revolution and in the specific context of approaches to rural development in Europe, in particular the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Various levels of government have launched initiatives to stimulate the use of information technology (IT) in the territories under their jurisdiction. This paper focuses on the rationale behind one widely employed strategy, encouraging IT use through promotional campaigns.

• The digital economy challenge facing peripheral rural areas. Seamus Grimes. Prog Hum Geogr 2003; 27; 174.

While there is little dispute that rural SMEs have much to gain from an effective engagement with e-commerce, the experience to date, particularly for firms operating in remote locations, points to considerable barriers to their involvement in the digital economy in the short term. Despite the considerable effort being made by the European Union to heighten the awareness of the need for peripherally located rural SMEs to become more involved in exploiting the economic potential of the digital economy, among the major barriers preventing such an involvement by rural SMEs is the difficulty of obtaining affordable high-speed internet access in remote locations in this era of liberalized telecommunications markets.

• Stephen D. Reese, Lou Rutigliano, Kideuk Hyun, Jaekwan Jeong. Mapping the blogosphere- Professional and citizen-based media in the global news arena. Journalism 2007; 8; 235

Globalization and the internet have created a space for news and political discourse that overrides geography and increases opportunities for non-mainstream, citizen-based news sources. Drawing a distinction between emerging citizen and professional media, this study examines one rapidly expanding and ncreasingly influential citizen news source – weblogs. We analyzed the linking patterns, the online network led to by six of the most popular news and political weblogs to study their relationship to other weblogs and the traditional professional news media in the USA and internationally. Findings suggest a more complementary relationship between weblogs and traditional journalism and less echo-chamber political insularity than typically assumed. The blogosphere relies heavily on professional news reports and half of its linked-to sites can be considered non-partisan.

• The Social Construction of Technology: Structural Considerations. Hans K. Klein and Daniel Lee Kleinman. Science Technology Human Values 2002; 27; 28

Although scholarship in the social construction of technology (SCOT) has contributed much to illuminating technological development, most work using this theoretical approach is committed to an agency-centered approach. SCOT scholars have made only limited contributions to illustrating the influence of social structures. In this article, the authors argue for the importance of structural concepts to understanding technological development. They summarize the SCOT conceptual framework defined by Trevor Pinch and Wiebe Bijker and survey some of the methodological and explanatory difficulties that arise with their approach. Then the authors present concepts from organizational sociology and political economy that illuminate structural influences in shaping phenomena of interest to SCOT scholars. These structural concepts can be applied to the study of the design, development, and transformation of technology. The authors conclude that the limited amount of scholarship on structural factors in the social shaping of technological development presents numerous opportunities for research.

• Gill Valentinea,*, Sarah L. Hollowayb. A window on the wider world? Rural children’s use of information and communication technologies. Journal of Rural Studies 17 (2001) 383–394

The possibilities which information and communication technologies (ICT) offer people (or groups) to overcome the friction of distance and the constraints of materiality mean that these technologies are seen to have particular relevance in rural areas which have been historically characterised in terms of their economic and social perpheriality. In this paper, we draw on empirical research with children and their teachers and parents, to explore the opportunities which ICT are seen to offer young people living in rural areas. First, we examine the information that children access on-line and how young people make sense of this expanded terrain. Second we focus on communication, by considering children’s use of email and chat rooms. Third, we explore how this information and these modes of communication may be shaping young people’s sense of place in the world. Our findings expose a clear contrast between the ambitious and future orientated ways in which adults imagine ICT will expand their children’s educational and employment opportunities, and social and spatial horizons, and the everyday ways in which these technologies actually emerge for children in practice.

• MANUEL CASTELLS. Communication, Power and Counter-power in the Network Society. International Journal of Communication 1 (2007), 238-266

This article presents a set of grounded hypotheses on the interplay between communication and power relationships in the technological context that characterizes the network society. Based on a selected body if communication literature, and of a number of case studies and examples, it argues that the media have become the social space where power is decided. It shows the direct link between politics, media politics, the politics of scandal, and the crisis of political legitimacy in a global perspective. It also puts forward the notion that the development of interactive, horizontal networks of communication has induced the rise of a new form of communication, mass self-communication, over the Internet and wireless communication networks. Under these conditions, insurgent politics and social movements are able to intervene more decisively in the new communication space. However, corporate media and mainstream politics have also invested in this new communication space. As a result of these processes, mass media and horizontal communication networks are converging. The net outcome of this evolution is a historical shift of the public sphere from the institutional realm to the new communication space.

• Manuel Castells. Materials for an exploratory theory of the network society. British Journal of Sociology Vol. No. 51 Issue No. 1

(January/March 2000) pp. 5–24. London School of Economics 2000

This article aims at proposing some elements for a grounded theory of the network society. The network society is the social structure characteristic of the Information Age, as tentatively identiŽed by empirical, cross-cultural investigation. It permeates most societies in the world, in various cultural and institutional manifestations, as the industrial society characterized the social structure of both capitalism and statism for most of the twentieth century.

• Mark Warschauer. Demystifying the Digital Divide. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN AUGUST 2003.

• MANUEL CASTELLS. INFORMATIONALISM, NETWORKS, AND THE NETWORK SOCIETY: A THEORETICAL BLUEPRINT. Manuel Castells (editor) The network society: a cross-cultural perspective, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2004

• Pekka Himanen. La ética del hacker y el espíritu de la era de la información. Prólogo de Linus Torvalds | Epílogo de Manuel Castells. (Versión Libro y PDF)

• Technology and Social Inclusion. Rethinking the Digital Divide Mark Warschauer. (Versión Libro y PDF). 2003 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

• Jon Anderson. On the Social Order of Cyberspace: Knowledge Workers and New Creoles. Social Science Computer Review 1996; 14; 7

(No se puede copiar el abstract)

• Alex Roland. Theories and Models of Technological Change: Semantics and Substance. Science Technology Human Values 1992; 17; 79

(No se puede copiar el abstract)